3 files changed, 129 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

M Rendering Meshes.md
M src/everything.h
M src/game.c

@@ 58,7 58,7 @@ Rendering a mesh follows this process:
 
 1. Copy and transform all of the mesh's vertices into the renderable pool. A
    modeling transformation and perpective projection is done in this step.
-2. Copy and clip all of the mesh's faces into the renderable pool. This may add
+2. Copy and clip all of the mesh's faces into the renderable pool.† This may add
    new vertices and v-indices, or remove v-indices. A backface-cull check is done
    to avoid unnecessary copying and clipping.
 3. Divide each vertex by W and map into device coordinates.


@@ 68,3 68,7 @@ Because vertices and polygons are contiguous in memory and processed all at
 once, this algorithm should be cache-efficient. Because only one copy of a
 mesh's data is made and continuously updated, it should be space-efficient. Time
 efficienty depends on optimization of each step.
+
+†Since the Sutherland-Hodgeman polygon clip algorithm makes several passes over
+a polygon, we need to copy it several times. We use a second polygon pool to
+copy back and forth between to avoid filling the primary pool.

@@ 92,6 92,7 @@ typedef struct Renderer {
 	Transform deviceTransform;
 	Vertex *vertex_pool;
 	int *polygon_pool;
+	int *alt_polygon_pool;
 	ClipPlanes clip_planes;
 } Renderer;
 

@@ 301,6 301,7 @@ Renderer *NewRenderer(Pixel *pixels, int width, int height)
 
 	r->vertex_pool = NewVertexPool();
 	r->polygon_pool = NewPolygonPool();
+	r->alt_polygon_pool = NewPolygonPool();
 
 	/* planes in W-space */
 	r->clip_planes.x_neg = Pl(V4D(0, 0, 0, 0), V4D(-1,  0,  0, -1));


@@ 429,7 430,7 @@ void Render(Renderable renderable, Transform position, Renderer *renderer)
 	for (i = 0, polygon = renderable.mesh->faces;
 		 i < renderable.mesh->numFaces;
 		 i++, polygon += (*polygon) + 1) {
-		ClipPolygon(polygon, renderable.mesh, renderer);
+		ClipPolygon(polygon, &renderMesh, renderer);
 		renderMesh.numFaces++;
 	}
 


@@ 459,38 460,53 @@ void ProjectVertex(Vertex *vertex, Renderer *renderer)
 
 void ClipPolygon(int *polygon, Mesh *mesh, Renderer *renderer)
 {
-	ClipPolygonPlane(polygon, mesh, renderer->clip_planes.x_neg, renderer->vertex_pool);
-	ClipPolygonPlane(polygon, mesh, renderer->clip_planes.x_pos, renderer->vertex_pool);
-	ClipPolygonPlane(polygon, mesh, renderer->clip_planes.y_neg, renderer->vertex_pool);
-	ClipPolygonPlane(polygon, mesh, renderer->clip_planes.y_pos, renderer->vertex_pool);
-	ClipPolygonPlane(polygon, mesh, renderer->clip_planes.z_neg, renderer->vertex_pool);
-	ClipPolygonPlane(polygon, mesh, renderer->clip_planes.z_pos, renderer->vertex_pool);
+	int *polygonA = NewPolygon(renderer->polygon_pool);
+	int *polygonB = NewPolygon(renderer->alt_polygon_pool);
+
+	ClipPolygonPlane(polygon,  polygonB, mesh, renderer->clip_planes.x_neg, renderer->vertex_pool, renderer->polygon_pool);
+	ClipPolygonPlane(polygonB, polygonA, mesh, renderer->clip_planes.x_pos, renderer->vertex_pool, renderer->polygon_pool);
+	ClearPolygon(polygonB, renderer->alt_polygon_pool);
+	ClipPolygonPlane(polygonA, polygonB, mesh, renderer->clip_planes.y_neg, renderer->vertex_pool, renderer->polygon_pool);
+	ClearPolygon(polygonA, renderer->polygon_pool);
+	ClipPolygonPlane(polygonB, polygonA, mesh, renderer->clip_planes.y_pos, renderer->vertex_pool, renderer->polygon_pool);
+	ClearPolygon(polygonB, renderer->alt_polygon_pool);
+	ClipPolygonPlane(polygonA, polygonB, mesh, renderer->clip_planes.z_neg, renderer->vertex_pool, renderer->polygon_pool);
+	ClearPolygon(polygonA, renderer->polygon_pool);
+	ClipPolygonPlane(polygonB, polygonA, mesh, renderer->clip_planes.z_pos, renderer->vertex_pool, renderer->polygon_pool);
+	// clipped polygon is in polygonA
 }
 
-void ClipPolygonPlane(int *polygon, Mesh *mesh, Plane clipBoundary, Vertex *vertex_pool)
+int *NewPolygon(int *pool)
 {
-	Vertex *newCurrent, *intersection, *current, *previous;
+	assert(PoolTotal(pool) < MAX_RENDER_POLYGONS);
+	int *polygon = PoolNext(pool);
+	*polygon = 0;
+	return polygon;
+}
 
-	if (NumPolygonVertices(polygon) == 0) return;
+void ClipPolygonPlane(int *srcPolygon, int *dstPolygon, Mesh *mesh, Plane clipBoundary, Vertex *vertex_pool, int *polygon_pool)
+{
+	Vertex *intersection, *current, *previous;
 
-	previous = LastPolygonVertex(polygon, mesh->vertices);
-	for (int i = 0; i < NumPolygonVertices(polygon); i++) {
-		current = PolygonVertex(polygon, mesh->vertices, i);
+	if (NumPolygonVertices(srcPolygon) == 0) return;
+
+	previous = LastPolygonVertex(srcPolygon, mesh->vertices);
+	for (int i = 0; i < NumPolygonVertices(srcPolygon); i++) {
+		current = PolygonVertex(srcPolygon, mesh->vertices, i);
 		if (VertexInside(current, clipBoundary)) {
 			if (VertexInside(previous, clipBoundary)) {
-				newCurrent = NewVertex(vertex_pool);
-				*newCurrent = *current;
-				mesh->numVertices++;
+				AddPolygonValue(dstPolygon, polygon_pool, PolygonValue(srcPolygon, i));
 			} else {
 				intersection = NewVertex(vertex_pool);
 				*intersection = ClipIntersect(previous, current, clipBoundary);
-				newCurrent = NewVertex(vertex_pool);
-				*newCurrent = *current;
+				AddPolygonValue(dstPolygon, polygon_pool, mesh->numVertices++);
+				AddPolygonValue(dstPolygon, polygon_pool, PolygonValue(srcPolygon, i));
 			}
 		} else {
 			if (VertexInside(previous, clipBoundary)) {
 				intersection = NewVertex(vertex_pool);
 				*intersection = ClipIntersect(previous, current, clipBoundary);
+				AddPolygonValue(dstPolygon, polygon_pool, mesh->numVertices++);
 			}
 		}
 		previous = current;


@@ 524,13 540,99 @@ void WireframePolygon(int *polygon, Vertex *vertices, Renderer *renderer)
 	previous = LastPolygonVertex(polygon, vertices);
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumPolygonVertices(polygon); i++) {
 		current = PolygonVertex(polygon, vertices, i);
-		RasterLine(previous, current, WHITE, renderer);
+		RasterLine(*previous, *current, WHITE, renderer);
 	}
 }
 
-void RasterLine(Vertex *a, Vertex *b, Color color, Renderer *renderer)
+void RasterLine(Vertex a, Vertex b, Color color, Renderer *renderer)
 {
-	// TODO
+	double dx = b.x - a.x;
+	double dy = b.y - a.y;
+	if (fabs(dy) < fabs(dx)) {
+		if (a.x > b.x) {
+			RasterLineShallow(b, a, color, renderer);
+		} else {
+			RasterLineShallow(a, b, color, renderer);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (a.y > b.y) {
+			RasterLineSteep(b, a, color, renderer);
+		} else {
+			RasterLineSteep(a, b, color, renderer);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void RasterLineShallow(Vertex a, Vertex b, Color color, Renderer *renderer)
+{
+	double dx = b.x - a.x;
+	double dy = b.y - a.y;
+	double yi = 1;
+	if (dy < 0) {
+		yi = -1;
+		dy = -dy;
+	}
+
+	double d = 2*dy - dx;
+	double x;
+	double y = a.y;
+
+	for (x = a.x; x <= b.x; x++) {
+		double z = MapRange(x, a.x, b.x, a.z, b.z);
+		if (UpdateDepthBuffer(x, y, z, renderer)) {
+			WritePixel(x, y, color, renderer);
+		}
+		if (d > 0) {
+			y += yi;
+			d -= 2*dx;
+		}
+		d += 2*dy;
+	}
+}
+
+void RasterLineSteep(Vertex a, Vertex b, Color color, Renderer *renderer)
+{
+	double dx = b.x - a.x;
+	double dy = b.y - a.y;
+	double xi = 1;
+	if (dx < 0) {
+		xi = -1;
+		dx = -dx;
+	}
+
+	double d = 2*dx - dy;
+	double x = a.x;
+	double y;
+
+	for (y = a.y; y <= b.y; y++) {
+		double z = MapRange(y, a.y, b.y, a.z, b.z);
+		if (UpdateDepthBuffer(x, y, z, renderer)) {
+			WritePixel(x, y, color, renderer);
+		}
+		if (d > 0) {
+			x += xi;
+			d -= 2*dy;
+		}
+		d += 2*dx;
+	}
+}
+
+void WritePixel(int x, int y, Color color, Renderer *renderer)
+{
+	Pixel p = ColorPixel(color);
+	if (x >= 0 && x < renderer->width && y >= 0 && y < renderer->height) {
+		renderer->pixels[(renderer->height - 1 - y)*renderer->width+x] = p;
+	}
+}
+
+bool UpdateDepthBuffer(int x, int y, double z, Renderer *renderer)
+{
+	if (z > renderer->depthBuffer[y*renderer->width+x]) {
+		renderer->depthBuffer[y*renderer->width+x] = z;
+		return true;
+	} else {
+		return false;
+	}
 }
 
 void RenderParticle(Particle particle, Renderer *renderer)